For which solution does the data governance team ensure maintaining a full audit record of all values in the source system while also capturing the most recent value?

Using Delta Lake's change data feed to apply all changes directly to the tables is the correct solution for ensuring a full audit record of all values in the source system while also capturing the most recent value.

Delta Lake offers robust features for managing change data capture, which allows the data governance team to track changes over time seamlessly. The change data feed functionality enables the storage of every modification made to the data, thus maintaining a history of the values. Simultaneously, it allows querying the most recent state of the data, essential for analytics and decision-making.

This approach not only preserves every version of data following changes but also optimizes performance when accessing the latest values. Overall, it provides an efficient and systematic way of integrating changes while ensuring compliance with governance and auditing requirements.

The other options do not provide the same balance of maintaining a complete historical record while ensuring current value availability. Iterating through changes with timestamps, for example, can lead to complexities in managing and retrieving historical data if not implemented with a robust tracking mechanism. Collecting aggregated changes for periodic application may also lead to loss of detailed tracking between intervals, and storing incoming records without processing lacks the governance controls necessary for maintaining data accuracy and integrity.